Japan in Their Own Words (JITOW)/日本からの意見

Iran at a Crossroads, 47 Years After the Islamic Revolution
NISHIKAWA Megumi  / Journalist

February 9, 2026
Iranian authorities have, for the time being, managed to suppress the anti-government protests that began in late December last year. However, the economic conditions that triggered the demonstrations—hyperinflation, the collapse of the rial, and severe hardship in daily life—have only continued to worsen, with no prospect of improvement. This year marks the 47th anniversary of the Iranian Revolution that overthrew the Pahlavi monarchy. It can fairly be said that the revolutionary ideals championed by the Islamic conservative hardliners have completely collapsed.

In the February 1979 revolution, the conservative hardliners who seized the initiative defined their revolution through two core principles. First, they portrayed it as a revolution of the mostazafin (the oppressed or the poor), framing it as an uprising of the impoverished against the wealthy (states) that oppressed them. The “wealthy” were identified as the Pahlavi monarch and the privileged classes parasitically attached to him, as well as the United States and Europe, which maintained close ties with the monarchy. Second, they positioned this revolution of the poor as a struggle against corrupt Islamic countries and the Western powers, asserting that Iran, as the standard-bearer, would lead the liberation of the oppressed (nations). This vision was also embodied in the idea of exporting the Islamic Revolution.

The Iranian Revolution brought the politicization of Islam to the broader Islamic world. Ten months after the revolution, the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan sparked outrage among Muslims, prompting fighters from across the Middle East to rush to join the guerrilla warfare against Soviet forces. The Soviet withdrawal from Afghanistan in 1989, followed by the collapse of the Soviet Union, was widely perceived in the Islamic world as a “victory of Islam over an atheistic state.”

Riding this favorable tide, Iran’s conservative hardliners, having survived the war with Iraq (1980–88), began establishing footholds across the Middle East. They forged strong political, economic, and military ties with Syria’s Assad regime, turning the country into a forward base for Iran’s Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps. In Lebanon, they nurtured the Shiite militia Hezbollah; in Yemen, they supported the Shiite Houthi movement; and within Iraq, they drew Shiite forces into Iran’s orbit. Although not a Shiite group, Hamas in Gaza was also brought into a support relationship under the logic that the enemy of one’s enemy is a friend. Through these proxy forces, Iran projected its influence across the surrounding region.

That balance, however, flipped—like white and black squares reversing in a game of Othello—with the collapse of Syria’s Assad regime in December the year before last and the attacks carried out by Israeli and U.S. forces last summer. With the fall of the Assad government, Iran lost the vast entrenched interests it had built up inside Syria. In the war last summer, the proxy forces remained largely silent and did not come to Iran’s aid, while many senior figures of Iran’s conservative hardline establishment—including commanders of the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps, military officers, and scientists—were killed.

To cultivate these proxy forces, Iran has poured enormous national wealth, including oil revenues, into external ventures, while neglecting its domestic economy and civilian sectors. For years, public resentment has simmered over the question, “Why must our own people be sacrificed to provide massive aid to other countries?” The revolutionary slogan of a “struggle of the oppressed against their oppressors” has completely lost its appeal. Figures circulating put the number of victims of anti-government protests at tens of thousands, calling into question the very legitimacy of the regime itself.

I served as a Tehran correspondent for about two years in the early 1980s and returned to Iran several times in the 1990s, observing the country over a long period. Grounded in Persian civilization and layered with Islamic civilization, Iran stands out even within the Middle East for the depth and richness of its civilizational heritage and for its high level of intellectual refinement.

For example, during the moderate Khatami administration, Iran called for a “Dialogue among Civilizations,” a proposal that won broad support from many countries. In response, the United Nations designated 2001 as the “Year of Dialogue among Civilizations” and organized a variety of related events. In formulating this proposal, many Iranian intellectuals were involved with the government as advisers. Iran is, by nature, a country endowed with such intellectual and conceptual capacity. President Rouhani, another moderate, likewise overcame opposition from conservative hardliners to conclude the nuclear deal in 2015, securing the lifting of economic sanctions. It was a prime opportunity to reintegrate Iran into the international community, but the first Trump administration withdrew from the agreement, returning the situation to square one.

At present, the United States is pressing Iran to enter nuclear negotiations by leveraging military intimidation, and the outcome remains uncertain. Nevertheless, it is crucial for the international community, including Japan, to engage with Iran’s moderates and work to move the situation forward. The landing point should be to permit the peaceful use of nuclear energy under unrestricted monitoring by the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), while requiring Iran to abandon the development of nuclear weapons. Ultimately, the task is to persuade Iran that this course is the best way to dispel the international community’s suspicions and to enable the country to achieve lasting prosperity.

Nishikawa Megumi is a former foreign news editor and Teheran, Paris and Rome bureau chief of the Mainichi Shimbun.
The English-Speaking Union of Japan




イスラム革命47年、岐路のイラン
西川 恵 / ジャーナリスト

2026年 2月 9日
イラン当局は昨年12月末に始まった反政府デモをとりあえず抑え込んだ。しかしデモの発端となった超インフレ、通貨リアルの暴落、生活苦などの経済状況は、悪化こそすれ改善の展望はない。パーレビ王政を倒したイラン革命から今年で47年。イスラム保守強硬派が掲げてきた革命の理念は完全に破綻したと言っていいだろう。

1979年2月の革命で、主導権を握った保守強硬派は自分たちの革命を二つの理念で特徴づけた。一つは、革命がモスタザフィン(貧者)による革命であるとし、抑圧された貧者の富める者(国)に対する蜂起であると位置づけた。富める者(国)とはパーレビ国王とそれに寄生する特権階級であり、王政と密接な関係を持った米欧である。二つに、この貧者革命は腐敗したイスラム諸国や欧米に対する闘いであり、抑圧された者(国)をイランが盟主となって解放していくと位置づけた。イスラム革命の輸出でもあった。

イラン革命はイスラム教の政治化をイスラム世界にもたらした。イラン革命の10カ月後に起きたソ連軍のアフガニスタン侵攻にイスラム教徒は憤激し、中東各国からイスラム教徒がソ連軍とのゲリラ戦に馳せ参じた。89年のソ連軍のアフガン撤退とそれに続くソ連の崩壊を、イスラム世界は「無神論国家に対するイスラム世界の勝利」と受け止めた。

この追い風を背に、対イラク戦争(80年~88年)を乗り切ったイランの保守強硬派は、中東各地に拠点を作っていく。シリアのアサド政権と強固な政治・経済・軍事的関係を結び、同国をイラン革命防衛隊の前線拠点にした。レバノンではシーア派民兵組織ヘズボラを育て、イエメンではシーア派組織フーシ派を支援、イラク国内ではシーア派勢力を親イランに引き込んだ。シーア派ではなかったが、敵の敵は味方とばかりにパレスチナ・ガザのハマスとも支援関係を築いた。

イランはこれら代理勢力を通じて影響力を周辺地域に投射した。これがオセロゲームのように白が黒に反転したのが、一昨年12月のシリアのアサド政権の崩壊と、昨年夏のイスラエル軍と米軍による攻撃だった。アサド政権の崩壊によって、イランはシリア国内に築いた膨大な既得権益を失った。昨年夏の戦争では代理勢力は沈黙してイランに加勢せず、イランの保守強硬派の革命防衛隊や軍の幹部、科学者ら多数が殺害された。

イランは代理勢力を育てるために原油収入など莫大な国富を投入し、国内経済や民生部門をないがしろにしてきた。「自国民を犠牲にしてなぜ他国に巨額の援助をするのか」との不満は何年も前から渦巻き、「被抑圧者の抑圧者に対する闘い」という革命のスローガンに完全にしらけている。反政府デモの犠牲者が数万人に上るという数字も流布しており、体制の正当性自体が問われている。

私は80年代前半に2年ほどテヘラン特派員をし、90年代にも何度かイランに入って、この国を見つづけてきた。ペルシャ文明を基層に、上部構造にイスラム文明を持つこの国の文明的厚みと豊かさ、知的洗練度は中東でも一頭地を抜いている。

例えば穏健派のハタミ政権時代、イランは「文明の対話」を呼びかけて多くの国の賛同を得た。これを受け、国連は2001年を「文明の対話年」として、さまざまなイベントを行った。「文明の対話」の提案にあたっては、イランの知識人が多く政権にアドバイザーでかかわった。本来、こうした知的構想力をもった国である。穏健派のロウハニ大統領も保守強硬派の反対を押し切って2015年、核合意を結び、経済制裁解除を勝ち取った。イランを国際社会に迎え入れるいい機会だったが、トランプ米政権(第一次)が合意から離脱し、元の木阿弥に戻った。

いま米国は軍事的威圧をテコにイランに核交渉を迫っていて、この帰趨がどうなるかまだ分からない。ただ日本を含む国際社会は穏健派に働きかけて事態を動かしていくことが重要だ。その落としどころは、国際原子力機関(IAEA)の制約のない監視の下で核の平和利用を認め、核兵器開発は放棄させる。これが結局、国際社会のイランに対する疑念を払しょくし、イランが豊かな国となるための最善の道であることを説得することである。

筆者は元毎日新聞外信部長、テヘラン・パリ・ローマ支局長
一般社団法人 日本英語交流連盟


English Speaking Union of Japan > Japan in Their Own Words (JITOW) > Iran at a Crossroads, 47 Years After the Islamic Revolution